Press.



PATENTED SEPT.' 24, 1907.

M. H. AVRAM.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

No. 866,999. PATENTBD SEPT. 24, 1997. M. H. AVRAM. PRESS.

APPLIOATION FILED NOV. 14| 1906.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

' llll I' PATENTED SEPT. 24, 1907.

M. H. AVRAM. PRESS. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 14. 1906;

a SHEBTSSHEET 3.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. Mos s. AvRAM, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., AssIoNORTO AvRAM-LEETLRNGINRRRING OOMPY,

OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A OORPORATION'ORNRW YORK.

Specification `of Letters Patent.

y Patented sept. 24,1907.

' application nei November 14,1906. `sain 110.343,341.

To all whom it may concern: f Beit known that I, Mos H. AVRAM, a citizen of th United States, residing at the'city, county,` and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Presses, of which the following is a full, clearand exact description.

My invention relates to improvements in presses,

and has for its object to produce a simple and efficient i press for molding articles such, for instance, as bricks.

It further has for its object to produce a press which will be rapid in its action and produce a uniform product. r I

One of the principal objectsof my invention is to provide a press having a stationary mold tablep and` also to provide a movable feed slide which shall coperate with the stationary mold table.

Another object is to provide a feed slide located below a stationary mold table, and means for feeding the material to be compressed upward'into the mold table.`

Another object of my`i/nvention is to provide automatic ejecting and receiving mechanism.

The following i's a -description of my invention,

reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in

two parts being duplicates of eachother.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, A representsy a stationary mold table supported' by four up. rights B and having two sets of mold openings A2 A3, whose width and length correspond to the height and` length of a brick to be formed, that-is, to the largest and smallest dimensions of the brick. These uprights B are carried by four lower hydraulic cylinders C and C, and in turn support the upper' hydraulic cylinders D and D. Between each set of the upper hydraulic cylinders D D is a feed hopper E, thelower part of which is formed by a central opening E in the table A.

F F are feed slides each having openings G G shown in the drawings as filled with material to be compressed. One of these openings registers with the discharge opening E of the hopper E when the other registers'with one of the mold openings A2 A3. The feed slide carries two upwardly movable plungers H H adapted to be actuated by rams I I in the lower hydraulic cylinders C C. The slide also carries two receiving tables J J, which are engaged by segments K K which segments are provided withcounterweights,l or equivalent devices, L L tending to keep the receiving tables on a line with or near the bottom of the mold table A when the receiving tables are empty.

The drawings show a double acting duplex press, the

The' plungers H H are provided with T-shaped heads H H, which are engaged by undercuts 'L' i onv the upper ends of the rams' I I so that when the rams I I are moved downwardly they forcibly draw Ithe plungers downward. e

The ramsof the upper hydraulic cylinders D D are provided with dies D2 D3 whichA enter the mold openings A2Aa in the mold table as shown.

' D4 are drip basins'carried by the upper rams.

The main shaft M carries segmental gears N N journaled atfN2 which engage with racks N3 on the lower sides of thefeed slides F F. These lsegmental gears have anti-friction rollers O which travels in grooves P in a cam Q mounted upon the/'main shaft, and are thereby given a reciprocating motion, resulting in a reciprocating motion of the feed slides.

The upper hyrdaulic cylinders D D are connected lto a common supply pipe controlled by a hydraulic 'valve R, which is acutated by a pitman controlled by the cam groove s on the reverse side of the cam S upon the main shaft. The upper cylinders D D are similarly connected to a common supply controlled by a valve through the cam S. The lowerl hydraulic 'cylinders are provided with ports T T, which when conl nected to a supply of pressure admit water toraise the rams, and'also the 4ports U U, which when connected to the supply pressure admit water to depress the rams. These ports in the cylinders C C `are controlled by a reversing hydraulic valve V, which is actuated by a cam groove .s2 on the reverse side ofthe cam S.

The cam grooves s and `.s2 are so constructed and timed that the valve R controlling the upper ram is Open to discharge, while the valve V controlling the lower piston is open to pressure beneath the ram. The result is, that the lower ram forces the contents of one of the openings in the feed slide up into a mold table opening, and simultaneously raises the corresponding upper ram. This action gives to the material forced into themold table a preliminary pressure. When the lower ram has reached its upward limit, the.valve V controlling the supply of water to i-ts cylinder is moved by its actuating cam groove s2 so as lto close both the inlet and outlet ports, thus positively locking the lower ram. At this .time the upper hydraulic cylinder is connected to pressure through its hydraulic valve R, and exerts a downward pressure which is the final pressure and may be made as great as desired, depending on the source from 'which it isderived. After this final pressure is exerted, the upper hydraulic cylinder is' cut off from the supply andthe chamber below the lower ram is opened to discharge and pressure ,is admitted above the piston so that the lower ram descends. During the period immediately following, the cam Q acts -to move the feed slide F so that the opening GJ registers with the mold opening -110 A, and the receiving table .I carried by the feed slide F comes beneath the mold opening A2. The hydraulic valve R controlling the upper cylinder is then again opened ,to pressure and the downward movement of the upper ram resumed, resulting in the ejection of the compressed material upon the receiving table J. The receiving table J being counterbalanced by a weight L is depressed as the compressed material is ejected, and the weight of the compressed material causes it to descend to its lowest position. The feed slide opening G has now received a fresh supply of material from the hopper E and the slide isagain reciprocated so that the opening G registers with the mold opening A2, This moves `the receiving table J awayfrom beneath the mold table, whereupon the compressed material is removed from the receiving ta'ble by hand or otherwise. The receiving table is then lifted by its counterbalance L so as to be ready to receive another brick, when it is again moved beneath the mold table openings and another brick is ejected. The cycle of operations for the rams, slide openings G and receiving table J at the other end of the press is similar tothe cycle of operations j'ust described, but as the valve actuating cam grooves of the cam S are displaced by 180 each step is half a periodlater than the corresponding step as carried out in the other half oi the press.

In Fig. 3 the pipe and valve connections for cylinders at one end are shown. The arrangements for the two ends are relatively the same except that the calns S S controlling the cylinders at opposite ends are displaced by 180. It desired the cylinders of either half of the press can be cut out of action by the valves Y.

In Figs. 1 and 2 the press is in position where the contents of the mold opening A3 are about to be expelled, and the contents of the feed opening G about to be forced into the mold opening A2.

In Fig. 3 the cam grooves s s2 are in positions such that the valve R is opened to pressure and the contents lof a mold opening is undergoing inal pressure. The valve V is closed so as te hold the lower 'piston -ixed The high level a b of the groove s2 corresponds to the upward movement of the lower ram. The high level b2 c2 of the groove s corresponds to the downward final pressure of the upper ram. The intermediate level b c of the groove s2 corresponds to the locked position of the lower ram which is its condition when the upper ram is exerting final pressure. The low level c d corresponds to the withdrawing position oi the lower ram. The high level e2 f 2 corresponds to the downward ejection movement of the upper ram. The high level a d and the low level e g oi the cam P correspond to periods of rest of the slides F F. When .the valves R and V are in the positions shown the roller O is in -the center of one of the levels of the caln groove P, as shown in Fig. 3. i

The hydraulicl valves R and V are located at any convenient points, there being asvshown in Fig. 3 one and therefore can be made movable with much greater safety than the mold table. The upward feed permits of a downward delivery without removing the upper plungers from the mold openings. The counterbalanced receiving tables provide for the safe delivery of the compressed articles and are entirely automatic in their action.

One important feature in my press is that the contents of the mold is given a preliminary pressure as well as a final pressure without moving the mold table relatively to the axis of the compressing plungers; another feature is that the contents of the mold opening is subjected to preliminary pressure while the mass as a whole is moving in the mold opening, that is while the upper ram is being forced upward by the lower ram. This bodily movement during preliminary compression enables the air to escape more readily along the walls oi the opening. Another important feature of my invention is that the pressure is not applied to the brick in the direction of its smallest dimension Thus in my press the pressure is applied to the sides of the brick. This results in a more general distribu- Ation of any irregularities iu the material fed into the mold opening, and also makes the path for the escape of air bubbles along the compressed surface shorter than it would be if the pressure was applied to the top an'd bottom of the brick. Moreover the pressure per square inch to which the brick is subjected is greater for a given hydraulic pressure than it would be if the pressure were applied to the larger arcas of the top and bottom.

A press exerting pressure on the sides of the brick has the further advantage of producing a brick whose most important surface, t'. c. the side which is exposed when in a wall, is absolutely uniform in size. When pressure is applied to the top of a brick by a hydraulic plunger, the stroke of the plunger will vary somewhat, so that the brick will vary in thickness. When the hydraulic pressure is applied to the side oi the brick, ther width oi the brick may vary, although the length and thickness will always be the same. Variation in either length or thickness is important, while variation in width is immaterial since the side-pressed brick when used is always apparently, if not actually, uniform. h v

My invention permits of various modificationsl embodying my broad ideas here set forth, without departing from the. spirit of my invention.

What I claim is:

1. In 'a press the combination of a stationary mold table having a mold opening, a movable feeding member located beneath said table, and an upwardly acting plunger adapted to force material to be pressed from said feeding member into said mold opening.

2. In a press, the combination of a stationarymold table having a mold opening, a feed hopper, a reciprocating feed slide located below said mold table, and a plunger adapted to force the contents of said feed slide upwardinto said mold opening and compress it.

3. In a press, the combination of u stationary mold table having a mold opening, a movable feedingr member located beneath said table, and an upwardly acting plunger adapted to force material to be pressed from said feeding member into said mold opening, and a downwardly acting plunger adapted to eject the contents of said mold opening.'

4. In a press, the combination of a stationary mold trible adapted to force material to--be pressed from said feeding member into said mold opening, and a downwardlycacting plunger adapted to exert a iinal pressure upon, and thenl eject the`contents'of said moldopening. Y

5. In a press the combination of a stationary mold table having a mold opening, a movable feeding member located beneathsaid table, and an upwardly acting plungerA adapted to forcematerial to be pressed from said feeding member into said mold opening andv exert thereon 'apreliminary pressure upon, and adownwardly acting plunger adapted to,exert a fmal pressure upon, then eject the con-4 tents of said mold opening.. l n

6. In a press, the combination of a stationary mold table having lmold openings at is respective end-s, a feeding slide supplying material to be compressed to said mold openings alternately,- means for reciprocating said slide, and means for compressing the contents of the mold openings suc.

ce'ssively. c 4

,7. In a press, the combination of a stationary mold table having mold openings at its respective ends, a feed hopper, a reciprocating feed slide having openings, one adapted to register with a Vmold opening and the other with the feed hopper at the end 'of each reciprocation, means for reciprocating. said feed slide, and plungers adapted to forcel the contents of said slide into said mold openings and com-A press such contents. f. v

8. In a press, the combination of a stationary mold table having mold openings at its respective ends, a feed hopper, a reciprocating feed slide located below said mold table,

l low pressure plungers adapted to lforce the contents of said feed slide upward into said mold openings and compress it,-

and high pressure plungers adapted toexert a downward and final pressure on said contents.

9. In a press, the combination of a stationary mold table having mold openings at its respective ends, a feed hopper, a reciprocating feed slide located below said mold table,

4low pressure plungers adapted to force the contents of said feed slide upward into said-moldl openings and compress. it,

.high pressure plungers adapted to exert a downward and final pressure on said contents, receiving means, and'means for causing said high pressure plungers to eject said contents when compressed.

10. I n a press, th combination of a stationary moldl table having mold openings at its respective ends, a feed hopper, a reciprocating feed slide located below said stationary mold table, upwardly acting plungers carried therebyand adapted to force the contents of said feed lslide upward into said mold openings and compress it.

11. ln a press, the combination of a stationary mold -table having a mold opening, a downwardly acting plunger for compressing the contents of said mold opening, means located below said table for receiving the contents of said mold opening, and means for causing said plunger to eject said contents from said mold opening.

12. In a press, the combination of a stationary mold table, a reciprocating,r feed slide, a vertically movable receiving table carried by said slide, means for forcing material to becompressed from said slide into said mold openings, and means for compressing said material within said mold openings and ejecting it upon said receiving table.

13. In va press, the combination ofa stationary'mold table, a feed slide located beneath said mold table, means for reciprocating said slide, a vertically moyable receiving table carried by said slide, means for forcing material upward-from said slide into said moldl openings when said slide is at the end of a movement in one direction,` means for finally compressing said material, and means for ejecting said material upon said receiving table when the slide is at the end of its movement in the other direction.

14. In a press, the combination of a stationary mold table having a mold opening, a feed slide loc/ated beneath said table, means for reciprocating said slide, a receiving table carried by sa-id slide, a feed hopper, said slide having an opening adapted to register alternately with said mold periodof rest of said slidef.'

opening and said feed hopper, said receiving table being be; I

neath saidmold opening when said slide opening' is in register with lsaid hopper',` ineans for fnrcing the `contents of said slide opening' into said mold openingand compressj ing it therein while said slide opening registers-with said- -mold opening, and' means forejecting saidcontents upon said receivingtahle while said slide -opening is'in register with said feed hopper.'

15. Inappress, theA combination of'a stationary m'old )table having a mold opening, a feed slide "iocated beneath said table, means for reciprocating' said'.` slide, a 4receiving table carriedbyfsaidl slide, a feed hopper, said slide having an opening adapted' to register alternately with said mold opening and said feed hopper, said receiving table being beneath said mold opening whensaid slide opening isin register'with said hopper, means for forcing the contents of said slide `opening into said mold opening and compressking it theiaain while said slide registers with said mold opening, means for ejecting said contents upon said .-revceivng table while said slide opening is in register. with said feedl hopper, and means for holding said-receiving v table when empty near the bottom of said mold table.

16. In a press,` the combination of a.s`tationary mold table having mold.l openings, a feed slide located beneath said table, means for'reciprocating said slide and giving it periods of rest at the4 end of its movement in leither direction, a ,receiving table carried by said slide, means for forcing material from said ,slide into said-mold opening and also .compressing it during one of the periods of rest of said slide, and means for'ejecting the contents of saidv mold opening upon said' receiving table during the next' 17. In a press, the combination of a stationary mold .table having mold openings, a feed slide located beneath periods of rest at the end of its movement in either dil rection, a lower plunger acting to force material from said slide into one of saidmold openings and give it preliminary pressure during' one period of rest and an uppe'lr plunger adapted to give said material iinai pressure=during the same period of rest and to eject saidf material during the' nextperiod of rest of said slide.

18. lIn a press, the combination of a stationary mold table havingv mold openings, a feed slide located beneath said table; means for reciprocating said' slide and giving it4 periods of rest at the lend of its movement in either di rectlon,-receiving tables carried by said slide, a lower plunger acting to force material from said slide into one of said mold openings and give it preliminary pressure during one period of rest, and anupper plunger adapted to give said material iinal pressure during the same'period of rest and to-ejectsaid material upon one of said receiving tables during the next period of rest, said receiving tables being vertically movable and provided with means for holding them when empty near the bottom of said mold table.

having a mold opening, an upper plunger and a lower plunger, a feed slide beneath said mold table,- said lower .plunger being adaptedr to force material to be pressed -the same pressure on all bricks, said plunger having a single die, and the throw of said plunger within said mold opening being limited by the hydraulic pressure on said plunger and the amount of material within said mold opening.

- Mols n. AvRAM.'

Witnesses:

H. B. BnowNnnr., L. VREELAND.

19. In a brick press, the combination of arnold table Y 

